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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Pulmonary Function Testing in Work-Related Asthma: An Overview from Spirometry to Specific Inhalation Challenge.

Mathias Poussel1,2, Isabelle Thaon3, Emmanuelle Penven3

  • 1University Centre of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, Department of Pulmonary Function Testing and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France.

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Summary

Diagnosing work-related asthma (WRA) requires objective lung function tests. This overview details pulmonary function tests to accurately identify occupational asthma (OA) or work-exacerbated asthma (WEA).

Keywords:
bronchial challengeoccupational asthmapulmonary function testingspecific inhalation challengespirometry

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Work-related asthma (WRA) is common, encompassing occupational asthma (OA) and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA).
  • Accurate diagnosis of WRA is often missed, necessitating objective evaluation of lung function.
  • WRA results from occupational exposure to allergens or irritants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize pulmonary function testing methods for diagnosing WRA.
  • To guide clinicians in selecting appropriate tests for WRA assessment.
  • To differentiate between OA and WEA using functional respiratory tests.

Main Methods:

  • Initial assessment includes spirometry, bronchodilator responsiveness, and non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness (NSBHR) testing.
  • Further investigations involve serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) with OASYS score and serial NSBHR challenges.
  • Specific inhalation challenge (SIC) is the reference standard for confirming specific causes.

Main Results:

  • Spirometry and NSBHR testing are crucial first steps in WRA diagnosis.
  • Serial PEF and NSBHR challenges effectively monitor WRA during work and off-work periods.
  • SIC provides definitive confirmation of the specific etiological agent in WRA.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary function tests are essential for accurate WRA diagnosis and differentiation of OA from WEA.
  • A stepwise approach using various functional tests aids in managing WRA.
  • Standardization of all pulmonary function tests according to current guidelines is imperative.