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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

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[CME Sonography 96/Answers: Spleen Changes].

Jan Tuma1

  • 1Ultrasound Learning Center (ULC) der European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich.

Praxis
|March 3, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

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This CME sonography review highlights spleen changes, including splenomegaly from malaria or liver cirrhosis, accessory spleens, and post-splenectomy remnants. It also covers focal spleen lesions like cysts, lymphomas, and tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Abdominal Sonography
  • Spleen Anatomy and Pathology

Background:

  • The spleen, though often overlooked, exhibits various significant pathological changes.
  • Splenomegaly is a common finding with diverse etiologies, including infections and portal hypertension.
  • Accessory spleens and post-splenectomy splenic remnants can also present clinically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common and significant sonographic findings related to spleen pathology.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing various splenic abnormalities during ultrasound examinations.
  • To provide an overview of differential diagnoses for focal splenic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of sonographic imaging characteristics of spleen pathologies.
Keywords:
HämangiomMetastasenMilzzysteNebenmilzNon-Hodgkin-LymphomSplenomSplenomegalieSplenomegalyhemangiomametastasesminor spleennon-Hodgkin lymphomaspleen cystsplenoma

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  • Correlation of imaging findings with known clinical conditions and etiologies.
  • Categorization of splenic changes into generalized enlargement and focal lesions.

    • Main Results:

    • Splenomegaly is frequently associated with malaria, liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, and portal vein thrombosis.
    • Accessory spleens are common incidental findings.
    • Focal splenic lesions encompass a spectrum including cysts, lymphomas, metastases, and benign tumors.

    Conclusions:

    • Sonography plays a crucial role in identifying and characterizing spleen abnormalities.
    • Recognizing the diverse causes of splenomegaly and focal splenic lesions is essential for accurate diagnosis.
    • Comprehensive sonographic evaluation of the spleen is necessary despite its often-neglected status.