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Ocean acidification effects on fish hearing.

C A Radford1, S P Collins1, P L Munday2

  • 1Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand.

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|March 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in oceans harm fish hearing by altering their ear structures. This research shows future CO2 conditions significantly impact fish auditory anatomy and sensitivity.

Keywords:
CO2auditory evoked potentialsfluctuating asymmetrymicroCTotoliths

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Aquatic Toxicology

Background:

  • Ocean acidification and warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions are altering marine environments.
  • Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) can impair sensory functions and modify behaviors in marine organisms.
  • Previous research indicates CO2 affects auditory behaviors in larval and juvenile fish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of predicted future CO2 conditions on the hearing ability and auditory anatomy of juvenile snapper (Chrysophyrs auratus).
  • To establish a direct link between elevated CO2, changes in auditory anatomy, and altered hearing sensitivity in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were used to assess hearing sensitivity in juvenile snapper.
  • Micro-computer tomography (microCT) was employed to examine the otoliths (ear stones) and auditory structures.
  • Fish were raised under ambient and predicted future elevated CO2 conditions.

Main Results:

  • Juvenile snapper raised in elevated CO2 conditions exhibited significantly reduced hearing sensitivity at low frequencies (<200 Hz).
  • MicroCT analysis revealed larger sacculus otoliths and increased fluctuating asymmetry in snapper exposed to elevated CO2.
  • These anatomical changes in otoliths are likely responsible for the observed decrease in hearing sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CO2 conditions have a dual impact on fish hearing, affecting both the sensory end organs and associated behaviors.
  • This study provides the first empirical evidence linking future CO2 levels, through auditory anatomy modification, to impaired fish hearing.
  • Reassessment of how fish life-history traits dependent on hearing may be affected by climate change is warranted given these findings.