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Trace element catalyses mineral replacement reactions and facilitates ore formation.

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Trace amounts of cerium enhance hematite porosity during fluid-rock interactions. This finding reveals how trace elements control mineral replacement reactions and ore formation in Earth's crust.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Mineralogy
  • Economic Geology

Background:

  • Reaction-induced porosity is crucial for fluid-rock interactions in the Earth's crust, driving mineralogical changes during diagenesis, metamorphism, and ore formation.
  • Understanding factors that control porosity is essential for comprehending large-scale geological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of trace elements, specifically cerium, on the porosity of hematite formed from magnetite replacement.
  • To elucidate the catalytic mechanism by which cerium influences the reaction interface and mineral growth.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of fluid-induced, redox-independent replacement of magnetite (Fe3O4) by hematite (Fe2O3) in the presence of dissolved cerium.
  • Analysis of changes in porosity, nucleation, and growth kinetics of hematite.

Main Results:

  • Trace amounts of dissolved cerium significantly increase the porosity of hematite formed via magnetite replacement.
  • Cerium acts as a catalyst by modifying the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio at the reaction interface, enhancing nucleation and growth.
  • Increased porosity leads to more efficient coupled magnetite replacement, fluid flow, and element mass transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Trace elements can substantially enhance fluid-mediated mineral replacement reactions, controlling reaction kinetics, texture, and composition.
  • These findings offer new insights into the preconditioning of ore systems by early magnetite alteration, influencing metal accumulation and orebody size.
  • The catalytic role of trace elements like cerium is a key factor in understanding mineralogical transformations and ore genesis.