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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

127
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
127
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

128
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
128
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

223
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
223

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Establishment of a Rat Model for Intrauterine Adhesions via Dual Injury: Curettage and Infection
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Migrated Intravesical Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices: A Case Series and a Suggested Algorithm for Management.

Omar S Akhtar1, Sabahat Rasool2, Syed Sajjad Nazir1

  • 1Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Srinagar, IND.

Cureus
|March 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) rarely migrate to the bladder. This study reviews two cases and suggests management strategies for this uncommon complication, emphasizing surgical intervention.

Keywords:
bladder calculuscontraceptionintrauterine contraceptive devicemigrated intrauterine devicevesical calculus

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are a common reversible contraceptive method.
  • Migration of IUCD into the bladder is a rare but reported complication.
  • Recent literature indicates a potential rise in reported IUCD bladder migration cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of intravesical migrated IUCD.
  • To present a management algorithm for IUCD bladder migration based on current literature.
  • To raise awareness among clinicians regarding this rare complication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of two patient case records involving surgical management of migrated IUCD.
  • Comprehensive literature search on Pubmed for similar cases.
  • Inclusion of 25 relevant studies identified through the literature search.

Main Results:

  • Both reported cases were managed surgically with laparotomy and partial cystectomy.
  • Bladder calculus formation over the migrated IUCD is the most frequent presentation.
  • While endourological techniques are common, open surgery or laparoscopy may be required in some instances.

Conclusions:

  • IUCD migration into the bladder, though rare, is increasingly reported.
  • Prompt diagnosis requires thorough physical examination and radiological assessment.
  • All cases necessitate surgical management, with a tiered approach from endourology to open surgery based on complexity.