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Published on: November 5, 2021
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SARS-CoV-2 associated viral encephalitis with mortality outcome.
Mohammed A Azab1,2, Ahmed Y Azzam1,3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause neurological complications like viral encephalitis. This case highlights the importance of recognizing central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019.
- While respiratory symptoms are common, neurological manifestations are increasingly recognized.
- Public interest in COVID-19's neurological impact is growing.
Observation:
- An 89-year-old male presented with headache, dizziness, fever, myalgia, rash, and tremors.
- The patient was admitted to a neurocritical care unit.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed viral encephalitis affecting the basal ganglia and thalami.
Findings:
- Coronaviruses utilize spike proteins to interact with host cells.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry.
- The widespread expression of ACE2 in neurons explains SARS-CoV-2's potential to affect the central nervous system (CNS).
Implications:
- This case underscores the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to cause severe neurological complications.
- Increased awareness is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of CNS involvement in COVID-19.
- Further research is needed to understand SARS-CoV-2's neurotropic potential and evolving mutations affecting the CNS.
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