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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

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Published on: June 16, 2014

Fully Exposed Cluster Catalyst (FECC): Toward Rich Surface Sites and Full Atom Utilization Efficiency.

Mi Peng¹, Chunyang Dong¹, Rui Gao²

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.

ACS Central Science

|March 3, 2021

Summary

Fully exposed cluster catalysts (FECCs) offer diverse sites for chemical reactions, extending single-atom catalysts (SACs) advantages. FECCs maximize atom efficiency, providing a novel platform for designing effective heterogeneous catalysts.

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Area of Science:

Heterogeneous catalysis
Materials science
Surface chemistry

Background:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer unique electronic properties and high atom utilization efficiency.
SACs have limitations for reactions requiring multi-atom metallic states or metal-metal bonds.
Fully exposed cluster catalysts (FECCs) emerge as a cross-dimensional extension to SACs.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce fully exposed cluster catalysts (FECCs) as a novel catalytic platform.
To highlight the advantages of FECCs over SACs for specific reactions.
To propose future research directions for FECC design and characterization.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advances in FECCs.
Analysis of FECCs' structural and electronic properties.
Discussion of characterization techniques for FECCs.

Main Results:

FECCs provide diverse surface sites formed by ensembles of metal atoms.
FECCs achieve maximized atom utilization efficiency, similar to SACs.
FECCs enable effective adsorption and transformation of reactants and intermediates.

Conclusions:

FECCs offer a promising alternative to SACs for reactions requiring multi-atom ensembles.
FECCs present a novel platform for designing highly efficient and effective catalysts.
Further research is needed in FECC design, synthesis, and characterization to overcome potential challenges.