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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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The French multicentre elevated bone mass study: prevalence and causes.

J Paccou1, R-M Javier2, I Henry-Desailly3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, MABlab ULR 4490, Lille University Hospital, CHRU Lille, rue Emile Laine, 59037, Lille, France. julien.paccou@chru-lille.fr.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|March 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated Bone Mass (EBM) affects about 1 in 100 patients undergoing DXA scans. Degenerative spine disorders are the most common cause, though other acquired and hereditary conditions also contribute.

Keywords:
Bone-fat interactionsDXAOsteoarthritisOsteopetrosisParathyroid-related disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Elevated Bone Mass (EBM) is occasionally noted on dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans.
  • Epidemiological data on EBM prevalence and causes are limited, with variable definition thresholds.
  • This study addresses the prevalence and etiological factors of EBM in adult patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Elevated Bone Mass (EBM) in adult patients.
  • To identify the primary causes of EBM identified through DXA scanning.
  • To analyze EBM findings over a 10-year period in a multicentric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of DXA data from six French regional bone centers (2008-2018).
  • Inclusion criteria: bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score ≥ +4 at lumbar spine or hip.
  • Review of DXA reports, imagery, and medical records for 909 identified patients.

Main Results:

  • A prevalence of 1.26% for EBM (Z-score ≥ +4) was observed in 72,225 patients.
  • Artefactual causes, primarily degenerative spine disease (65%), accounted for 80% of EBM.
  • Acquired causes (9%) included renal osteodystrophy, and rare hereditary diseases were also identified.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated Bone Mass (EBM) prevalence is approximately 1.26%, or 1 in 100 individuals.
  • Degenerative spine disease is the leading cause of EBM, often artefactual.
  • Acquired and hereditary conditions represent significant, though less frequent, contributors to EBM.