Multicolor and Multistage Response Electrochromic Color-Memory Wearable Smart Textile and Flexible Display

Electrochromic materials have great application in soft displays and devices, but the application of ideal electrochromic textiles still faces challenges owing to the inconvenience of a continuous power supply. Here, electrochromic color-memory microcapsules (ECM-Ms-red, -yellow, and -blue) with a low drive voltage (2.0 V), coloration efficiency (921.6 cm² C^-1), a practical response rate (34.4 s^-1), multistage response discoloration, and good color-memory performance (>72 h) and reversibility (≥1000 cycles) are developed. The color-memory performance is controlled by the energy difference of oxidation-reduction reactions. A multicolor and multistage response electrochromic color-memory wearable smart textile and flexible display are developed that are convenient and energy-efficient for application. The design philosophy of color-memory based on controllable energy difference of reactions has great potential application in sensors and smart textiles.