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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq

Published on: March 19, 2021

Integrated Diabetes Self-Management Program Using Smartphone Application: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Yeojin Kim¹, Hyejin Lee², Ji Min Seo²

¹Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.

Western Journal of Nursing Research

|March 3, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

An integrated diabetes self-management program using a smartphone app improved patient knowledge, motivation, and behavior. This intervention significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood sugar levels in adults with diabetes.

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus counseling education self-management smartphone

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Area of Science:

Health Informatics
Chronic Disease Management
Behavioral Science

Background:

Diabetes self-management is crucial for controlling blood glucose levels and preventing complications.
Existing self-management programs may lack engagement or accessibility.
The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model provides a framework for understanding health behavior change.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated diabetes self-management program utilizing a smartphone application based on the IMB model.
To assess the program's impact on diabetes self-management knowledge, motivation, and behavior.
To determine the program's effect on clinical outcomes such as hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood sugar levels.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial with pre- and post-test design.
32 participants in the experimental group received the integrated program (face-to-face sessions, smartphone app, phone counseling).
36 participants were in the control group.

Main Results:

The experimental group showed significant improvements in diabetes self-management knowledge, social motivation, and behavior (p<.05).
Hemoglobin A1c levels significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.001).
Post-test results indicated reduced fasting blood sugar, total calorie intake, carbohydrate intake, and fat intake in the experimental group (p<.05).

Conclusions:

An integrated diabetes self-management program incorporating a smartphone app, guided by the IMB model, is effective.
This program demonstrates potential as a valuable nursing intervention for improving diabetes management.
The findings support the use of technology-enhanced interventions for chronic disease self-management.