Self-Activated Catalytic Sites on Nanoporous Dilute Alloy for High-Efficiency Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Design and synthesis of effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in wide pH environments are critical to reduce energy losses in water electrolyzers. Here, by using a self-activation strategy, we construct an atomic nickel (Ni) decorated nanoporous iridium (Ir) catalyst, which can create the reaction-favorable chemical environment and maximize the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), enabling efficient HER over a wide pH range. By using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the atomic Ni sites are identified as the synergistic sites, which not only accelerate the water dissociation under operation conditions but also activate the surface Ir sites thus leading to the efficient H₂ generation. This work highlights the significance of atomic-level decorating strategy which can optimize the activity of surface Ir atoms with negligible sacrifice of the ECSA.