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Lung ultrasound in children, WFUMB review paper (part 2)
Christoph F Dietrich1, Natalia Buda2, Ioana Mihaiela Ciuca3
1Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland, Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. c.f.dietrich@googlemail.com.
Insights
Pediatric lung ultrasound (US) offers real-time imaging without radiation, making it ideal for diagnosing various lung conditions in children. This review analyzes US applications for interstitial syndrome, pneumonia, COVID-19, and congenital respiratory diseases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Ultrasound (US) is a preferred diagnostic modality in pediatric patients due to its safety and efficacy.
- Part I of this series introduced the technical aspects of pediatric US.
- This paper focuses on the clinical applications of US in pediatric lung diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the utility of ultrasound in diagnosing pediatric lung conditions.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of US findings for various respiratory pathologies in children.
- To serve as a guide for clinicians utilizing US in pediatric pulmonology.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature and clinical practices regarding pediatric lung ultrasound.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and imaging features for specific lung diseases.
- Discussion of findings in the context of the World Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) guidelines.
Main Results:
- Ultrasound demonstrates high spatial and temporal resolution for real-time pediatric lung imaging.
- Specific US findings are discussed for interstitial syndrome, bacterial/viral pneumonia, COVID-19, atelectasis, consolidation, bronchiolitis, and congenital anomalies.
- US is effective in identifying pneumothorax and congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
Conclusions:
- Pediatric lung ultrasound is a versatile and safe tool for diagnosing a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases.
- This review highlights the importance of US in modern pediatric pulmonology.
- Consistent application of US can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management in pediatric lung conditions.
Abstract:
Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, real-time imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation and bedside availability. In the current World Federation of Societies for Ultra-sound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) paper series so far (part I) the topic has been introduced and the technical require-ments explained. In the present paper the use of US in the lung in paediatric patients is analysed. Lung diseases including the interstitial syndrome, bacterial pneumonia and viral infections, CoViD findings, atelectasis, lung consolidation, bronchiolitis and congenital diseases of the respiratory system including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and sequester but also pneumothorax are discussed.
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