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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation
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Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

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Obesity and chronic inflammation crosslinking.

Dorota Artemniak-Wojtowicz1, Anna M Kucharska1, Beta Pyrżak1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, University Clinical Center, Children's Hospital in Warsaw, Poland Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Central-European Journal of Immunology
|March 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Obesity triggers chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, involving immune cell changes and molecular stress pathways. Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing new treatments for obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
childreninflammationobesity

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Last Updated: Nov 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue functions as a dynamic endocrine organ.
  • Obesity is linked to chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Immune cell composition and phenotype in adipose tissue vary with obesity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving chronic inflammation in obesity-induced adipose tissue.
  • To identify key pathways contributing to metabolic and autoimmune disorders associated with obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune cell populations (macrophages, neutrophils, T cells) in adipose tissue.
  • Assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
  • Investigation of molecular stress pathways including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Main Results:

  • Obesity-induced inflammation characterized by M1 macrophage polarization, neutrophil infiltration, and Th1/Th17 cell activation.
  • Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are hallmarks of obesity.
  • Multiple stress pathways (hypoxia, oxidative stress, ER stress, PPAR impairment, inflammasome, TLR activation) contribute to chronic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is a complex process driven by immune cell dysregulation and cellular stress.
  • Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for obesity and associated disorders.