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Trends in allergic contact sensitization.

R Gollhausen1, F Enders, B Przybilla

  • 1Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, FRG.

Contact Dermatitis
|March 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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This 7-year study tracked patch test reactions in 11,962 patients. Positive reactions to nickel sulfate, balsam of Peru, and potassium dichromate significantly increased over time.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Patch testing is crucial for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Long-term trends in patch test reactions can indicate changing exposure patterns to allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the annual frequency of positive patch test reactions over a 7-year period.
  • To identify significant changes in allergen sensitization in a large patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A standard patch test series was administered to 11,962 patients between 1977 and 1983.
  • Annual frequencies of positive reactions were calculated for the total patient group, and separately for males and females.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to assess the significance of observed changes.

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Main Results:

  • Significant increases in positive reactions were observed for nickel sulfate (6.2% to 12.7%), balsam of Peru (5.3% to 7.0%), and potassium dichromate (3.8% to 6.5%).
  • Positive reactions to wool alcohols, formaldehyde, neomycin sulfate, paraben mix, and gentamicin sulfate also increased significantly.
  • Decreases in positive reactions were noted for clioquinol, mercuric chloride, and turpentine peroxide in some subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights significant shifts in allergen prevalence over a 7-year period.
  • Increasing sensitization to common allergens like nickel sulfate suggests evolving environmental or product exposures.
  • Monitoring patch test reaction trends is vital for understanding contact allergy epidemiology.