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Dip-Type Paper-Based Analytical Device for Straightforward Quantitative Detection without Precise Sample

Takeshi Komatsu1, Ryoga Maeda1, Masatoshi Maeki2

  • 1Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.

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Summary

This study introduces a user-friendly, dip-type paper analytical device (PAD) for easy chemical measurement. The novel PAD design enhances accuracy for ascorbic acid (AA) and pH detection in beverages without complex sample handling.

Keywords:
ascorbic acidcolorimetrydip-typeno-immobilizationno-pipettingpHpaper-based device

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) offer low-cost chemical sensing but often require complex sample handling.
  • Current PADs necessitate micropipettes for quantitative analysis, limiting user-friendliness.
  • Effective immobilization of detection molecules onto cellulose fibers is crucial for reliable colorimetric assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a user-friendly, dip-type PAD that eliminates the need for pipette manipulation.
  • To apply the novel PAD for simultaneous quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid (AA) and pH.
  • To improve sensitivity and reproducibility in PAD-based chemical detection.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a dip-type PAD with a dipping area and two channels, each featuring two detection zones.
  • Evaluated PAD performance for ascorbic acid (AA) detection, comparing sensitivity and reproducibility against single-zone devices.
  • Assessed PAD performance for pH detection, analyzing reproducibility with varying detection zone configurations.
  • Investigated the effect of dipping time on AA detection accuracy and calibration curves.
  • Validated the PAD's ability for simultaneous AA and pH determination in real-world beverage samples.

Main Results:

  • The developed dip-type PAD demonstrated improved sensitivity (LOD: 0.22 mg/mL) and reproducibility (CV: 2.4%) for AA detection compared to single-zone PADs.
  • PADs with two detection zones exhibited superior reproducibility (CV: 11%) for pH detection versus single-zone devices (CV: 21%).
  • Dipping time up to 3 seconds did not negatively impact AA detection results; longer dipping times showed varied LODs (3s: 18 μg/mL, 30s: 5.8 μg/mL).
  • Simultaneous AA and pH measurements in beverages showed no significant difference from conventional methods.

Conclusions:

  • The novel dip-type PAD design significantly enhances user-friendliness by removing the need for pipettes.
  • The multi-zone detection strategy improves assay reliability, particularly for pH measurements.
  • This PAD technology offers a robust and accessible platform for simultaneous quantification of analytes like AA and pH in complex matrices.