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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials

Published on: April 27, 2021

Pluralistic Ignorance as a Contributing Factor to Concussion Underreporting.

Christine M Baugh¹, Craig A Foster^2,3, Brian R Johnson⁴

¹University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education

|March 4, 2021

Summary

Many cadets believe they are more willing to report concussions than their peers, a phenomenon called pluralistic ignorance. This perception contributes to widespread concussion underreporting, highlighting a key target for educational interventions.

Keywords:

concussion concussion reporting disclosure pluralistic ignorance social norms young adult

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Psychology
Military Health

Background:

Concussion underreporting is a significant issue in various populations.
Social norms influence concussion reporting behavior.
Pluralistic ignorance, where individuals misperceive peer attitudes, has not been studied in relation to concussion reporting.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if pluralistic ignorance contributes to the underreporting of concussions.
To examine the prevalence of pluralistic ignorance regarding concussion reporting among military cadets.

Main Methods:

A survey was administered to 2,504 military service academy cadets.
The survey assessed cadets' self-reported willingness to report concussions.
Participants also reported their perceptions of other cadets' willingness to report concussions and demographic factors.

Main Results:

A majority of cadets exhibited pluralistic ignorance, believing they were more willing to report concussions than their peers.
This disparity was associated with demographic factors, with female and upper-class cadets showing it more than male and under-class cadets.
Collegiate athletes perceived peers as less willing to report concussions, while future pilots showed lower self-reporting willingness and similar perceptions of others.

Conclusions:

Pluralistic ignorance is prevalent among military cadets, contributing to concussion underreporting.
Understanding these misperceptions in different subpopulations is crucial for targeted interventions.
Addressing pluralistic ignorance should be a key component of concussion education programs.