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Suitability of miRNA assessment in postmortem interval estimation.

E Montanari1, R Giorgetti, F P Busardò

  • 1Section of Legal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Ancona, Italy. r.giorgetti@univpm.it.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
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Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show stability for estimating postmortem intervals (PMI) in forensic science. Specific miRNAs in tissues like brain and heart are promising biomarkers, less affected by environmental factors than mRNA.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as innovative biomarkers in clinical and research settings.
  • Their application is expanding into forensic science, particularly for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation.
  • miRNAs offer potential advantages over traditional methods due to their stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on using miRNAs for PMI estimation in human and animal studies.
  • To identify optimal miRNAs as reference or target markers across different tissues and biological fluids.
  • To assess the reliability of miRNAs as forensic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus from January 2013 to August 2020.
  • Articles were screened based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, with a focus on high-quality studies.
  • 33 papers were initially selected for detailed review, resulting in 15 articles for final analysis.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed 15 studies, including 8 on animals, 2 on both, and 5 exclusively on humans.
  • Myocardium and brain were the most frequently studied tissues for PMI estimation.
  • PMI estimations ranged up to 7.5 days in animal models and less than 3 days in human models.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs exhibit significant stability, making them reliable markers for both early and extended PMI.
  • Unlike messenger RNAs (mRNAs), miRNAs are less susceptible to environmental influences like temperature.
  • Optimal miRNA selection for PMI estimation depends on tissue specificity, with examples like miR-9 and miR-125 for brain tissue.