Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with complex partial epilepsy

To investigate the role of somatostatin in human epilepsy, we measured somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) by radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 60 patients with complex partial seizures (CPS), 5 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 23 controls. The SLI levels were measured in groups of epileptic patients that differed in their history of disease, electroencephalogram (EEG), computerized tomography (CT) finding, psychological test scores, or anticonvulsant medication. SLI was lower in the epilepsy group (p less than 0.05) than in the controls. Patients with carbamazepine-clonazepam therapy had lower SLI than did other epileptics (p less than 0.02) or controls (p less than 0.005). Patients with central atrophy (p less than 0.01) in CT and infection (p less than 0.01) as an etiologic cause of epilepsy also seemed to have lower levels of SLI in the CSF than did other epileptics. No correlation was found between psychological memory scores and SLI levels in the CSF of patients with CPS. The present study shows that somatostatin levels are lowered in the CSF of epileptic patients, possibly owing to the lowered somatostatin content or the decreased number of somatostatinergic nerve cells in the epileptic human brain. However, studies in unmedicated patients with different types of seizures are needed to further clarify the possible role of somatostatin in human epilepsy.