Genome mining and description of Streptomyces albidus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium with antibacterial...

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain CAP215^T was isolated from the root sample of a native pine tree (Callitris preissii), Adelaide, South Australia. This strain was a Gram stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia. It produced spiral chains of spores. The closest phylogenetic members which shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968^T, Streptomyces haliclonae DSM 41970^T and Streptomyces karpasiensis K413^T at 98.2%, 98.0% and 97.9%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acid of this strain was anteiso-C_15:0 and major menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). Polar lipids of strain CAP215^T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol dimannoside and two unknown glycolipids. Chemotaxonomic data confirmed strain CAP215^T belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Genome of strain CAP215^T was 6.65 Mb with 69.8% DNA G + C content and contains 5992 coding sequences (CDS). Biosynthesis Genes Clusters (BGCs) comprised post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) cluster, genes encoding enzyme relating to antibiotic production; actinorhodin, surfactin and tetracenomycin. Genome mining of this strain identified genes encoding proteins relating to plant growth promotion such as pyrophosphatase, ectoine synthase, superoxide dismutase and siderophore production; penibactin and desferrioxamine E. Genes encoding beneficial enzymes; amylase, β-xylosidase, chitinase, lipase and protease were detected. The genome of this strain contained genes encoding enzymes degrading xenobiotic compounds such as 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase, nitroreductase and epoxide hydrolase. Also, genes encoding squalene, hopene and betacarotenoid production were observed. Digital DNA-DNA (dDDH) hybridization, Average Nucleotide Identity BLAST (ANIb), ANI-MUMmer (ANIm) between strain CAP215^T and S. marinus DSM 41968^T were 25.4 %, 82% and 86.4%, respectively. The data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and genome analysis recognized the differentiation of strain CAP215^T with the closest species with valid names. The name Streptomyces albidus sp. nov. was proposed for which the type strain is CAP215^T (= DSM 42025^T = NRRL B-24815^T).