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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

82
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
82
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
137
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
153
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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168
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
168
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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142
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
142
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

159
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Multimodal cardiovascular model for hemodynamic analysis: Simulation study on mitral valve disorders.

Dibyendu Roy1, Oishee Mazumder1, Aniruddha Sinha1

  • 1TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Kolkata, India.

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Summary

This study presents an in-silico cardiac model to analyze valvular heart disease progression. The computational model simulates mitral valve disorders, providing insights into hemodynamic changes and disease severity for better cardiovascular research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Valvular heart diseases significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.
  • In-silico modeling is an emerging tool for cardiovascular research and clinical applications.
  • Understanding valvular disease progression requires integrated physiological and hemodynamic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present an in-silico cardiac computational model for analyzing valvular heart disease.
  • To simulate and understand the progression of mitral valve disorders (Mitral Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation).
  • To assess the impact of these disorders on general hemodynamic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A multimodal and multiscale cardiovascular model integrating cardiac electrophysiology and hemodynamics.
  • Simulation of an adult cardiovascular system including a four-chambered heart and circulation.
  • Analysis of pressure, volume, flow, valve dynamics, and Photoplethysmogram signals in normal and pathological states.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately simulates hemodynamic parameters for normal and mitral valve disorder conditions.
  • Simulated left atrium and ventricle dimensions correlate with cardiac chamber enlargement in patients.
  • Generated physiological parameters align with published data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed in-silico model offers a holistic understanding of valvular heart disease effects.
  • The model aids in assessing the severity of mitral valve disorders and their hemodynamic consequences.
  • It facilitates 'what if' scenario analysis for conditions like stress or exercise.