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Thrown for a (stem) loop: How RNA structure impacts circular RNA regulation and function.

Veronica F Busa1, Anthony K L Leung2

  • 1McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|March 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) form unique structures through back-splicing. This review explores how circRNA structure impacts their function, regulation, and accurate measurement in sequencing data.

Keywords:
Circular RNARNA secondary structure

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generated by back-splicing of linear RNA precursors.
  • CircRNA formation results in distinct secondary structures compared to their linear counterparts due to intramolecular base-pairing.
  • These structural differences can influence circRNA function and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing circRNA structure.
  • To examine how circRNA structure affects function and regulation.
  • To discuss considerations for accurate circRNA detection and experimental recapitulation of endogenous structures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on circRNA biogenesis, structure, and function.
  • Analysis of factors affecting RNA secondary structure formation in circRNAs.
  • Discussion of RNA sequencing and experimental approaches for studying circRNA structure.

Main Results:

  • CircRNA structure is influenced by sequence composition and splicing machinery.
  • RNA secondary structures play critical roles in circRNA stability, localization, and interaction with other molecules.
  • Accurate measurement of highly structured circRNAs requires specific bioinformatic and experimental considerations.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNA structure is a key determinant of their biological roles.
  • Understanding circRNA structure is essential for interpreting expression data and designing functional studies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of RNA structure on circRNA biogenesis, function, and decay.