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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR-Cas12-based nucleic acids detection systems.

Ross Ka-Kit Leung1, Qiu-Xiang Cheng2, Zhi-Le Wu3

  • 1Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dongguan 523120, China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|March 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR technology, recognized with a Nobel Prize, enables advanced molecular diagnostics. Cas12-based systems offer simple, highly sensitive, and specific nucleic acid detection methods.

Keywords:
CRISPRCRISPR diagnosticsCas12HOLMESTrans-cleavage

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR technology has revolutionized genome editing, earning its pioneers a Nobel Prize.
  • The discovery of Cas12 and Cas13 proteins' trans-cleavage activities has spurred the development of CRISPR-based diagnostic systems.
  • These systems offer enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and operational convenience for molecular detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Cas12-based methods for molecular diagnostics.
  • To highlight the applications of Cas12 systems in nucleic acid detection.
  • To discuss the advantages of Cas12 in diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on Cas12-mediated DNA targeting.
  • Analysis of Cas12's collateral ssDNA cleavage activity.
  • Review of CRISPR-based diagnostic system designs utilizing Cas12.

Main Results:

  • Cas12-based systems demonstrate high efficiency and simplicity.
  • These systems exhibit excellent sensitivity and specificity in nucleic acid detection.
  • Cas12's ability to target DNA and cleave ssDNA probes is key to its diagnostic utility.

Conclusions:

  • Cas12-based CRISPR systems are powerful tools for molecular diagnostics.
  • Their simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity make them highly advantageous.
  • Further applications of Cas12 in nucleic acid detection and beyond are promising.