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Related Concept Videos

Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

36.6K
The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
36.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

19.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Vapor Pressure of Fluid01:28

Vapor Pressure of Fluid

1.6K
The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
When a liquid is placed in a closed container with a small air space, and the space is evacuated, vapor molecules will...
1.6K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Related Experiment Video

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Evaporation in nano/molecular materials.

Ali Davoodabadi1, Hadi Ghasemi1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204, USA.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|March 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Theoretical models for evaporation kinetics in nano/molecular confinements are lacking. This review discusses confinement effects, interface phenomena, driving forces, and future research directions for nano/molecular evaporation.

Keywords:
2D materialsCavitationConfinementEvaporationMolecular scaleNanoscale

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics
  • * Materials Science
  • * Nanotechnology

Background:

  • * Evaporation is crucial in nature and technology, with established models for macroscopic scales.
  • * Theoretical models for nano/molecular confinement evaporation are absent, hindering nano/molecular device development.
  • * Understanding nanoscale evaporation is vital for explaining unique phenomena and advancing technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To comprehensively review the physics of evaporation at the nanoscale.
  • * To discuss the impact of nano/molecular confinement on evaporation kinetics.
  • * To highlight potential applications and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of existing theoretical and simulation studies.
  • * Discussion of fundamental physics governing evaporation in confined systems.
  • * Elaboration on various driving forces and interface phenomena.

Main Results:

  • * Nano/molecular confinement significantly alters evaporation dynamics compared to macroscopic scales.
  • * Liquid-wall interface phenomena like disjoining pressure and flow slippage play critical roles.
  • * Hydrophobic confinement and molecular cluster evaporation are key areas of interest.

Conclusions:

  • * Significant gaps exist in experimental data for nanoscale evaporation.
  • * Simulation techniques have been widely used to predict phase change in nanoconfinements.
  • * Future research should focus on electrostatic interactions, flow slippage, and 2D materials for enhanced evaporation and novel applications.