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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...

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Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.

Osmosis

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Osmosis is the movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane. The water's concentration gradient across the membrane is inversely proportional to the solutes' concentration. Whereas diffusion transports material across membranes and within cells, osmosis transports only water across a membrane, and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes in the water. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

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Osmotic evolution of composite liquid marbles.

Pritam Kumar Roy¹, Irina Legchenkova¹, Shraga Shoval²

¹Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, 407000 Ariel, Israel.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

|March 4, 2021

Summary

Composite liquid marbles grow due to osmotic mass transfer, where a silicone oil coating acts as a semi-permeable membrane. This process explains the observed changes in liquid marble size and stability in different solutions.

Keywords:

Floating Liquid marbles Liquid membrane Osmotic mass transfer Osmotic membrane

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Liquid marbles are essential in various applications, including microfluidics and drug delivery.
Understanding their stability and dynamic behavior is crucial for optimizing their use.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism behind the growth of composite liquid marbles.
To validate the hypothesis that osmotic mass transfer drives liquid marble evolution.

Main Methods:

Composite liquid marbles with saline water cores and lycopodium-infused silicone oil coatings were prepared.
Marbles were floated on distilled water and aqueous NaCl solutions to observe mass transfer and stability over 25 hours.

Main Results:

Marbles with saline cores on distilled water exhibited growth, indicating water influx.
Marbles with distilled water cores on NaCl solutions showed shrinkage, indicating water efflux.
Marbles with saline cores on NaCl solutions remained stable, suggesting osmotic equilibrium.

Conclusions:

Osmotic mass transfer through the lycopodium-infused silicone oil coating is the primary driver of composite liquid marble growth and shrinkage.
A semi-empirical model supports the findings, confirming the role of osmotic pressure in liquid marble dynamics.