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External limiting membrane: retinal structural barrier in diabetic macular edema

Sandeep Saxena1, Levent Akduman2, Carsten H Meyer3

  • 1Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Luclnow, India. sandeepsaxena2020@yahoo.com.

International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) reveals vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases disrupt the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema. Anti-VEGF therapy restores ELM integrity before EZ restoration.

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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...