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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Stemness and Differentiation.

Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad1, Isabelle Laurence Polignano1, Valentina Proserpio2

  • 1Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; IIGM Foundation, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.

Trends in Cell Biology
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in stem cell biology. Understanding their diverse functions in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and developmental studies.

Keywords:
endodermhuman pluripotent stem cellslong noncoding RNAsmesodermneuroectoderm

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
  • lncRNAs exhibit functional heterogeneity through diverse mechanisms, interacting with proteins, DNA, and RNA.
  • Species- and tissue-specific lncRNA functions pose challenges for predicting novel lncRNA roles and translating animal model data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the functional versatility of lncRNA mechanistic heterogeneity.
  • To highlight the role of lncRNAs in regulating pluripotency maintenance in human cells.
  • To discuss the application of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in identifying and studying lncRNA functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lncRNA mechanisms in stem cell regulation.
  • Analysis of recent technical advances in human ESC self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on lncRNA interactions and functional diversity.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play a central role in maintaining stem cell pluripotency.
  • lncRNA heterogeneity contributes to complex regulatory networks in differentiation.
  • Human ESCs offer a powerful model system for dissecting lncRNA functions.

Conclusions:

  • The functional diversity of lncRNAs is essential for regulating pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Further research in human ESCs is vital for understanding lncRNA roles in development and disease.
  • Targeting lncRNAs holds potential for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.