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Both Default and Multiple-Demand Regions Represent Semantic Goal Information.

Xiuyi Wang1, Zhiyao Gao2, Jonathan Smallwood2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom wangxiuyi16@gmail.com beth.jefferies@york.ac.uk.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The default mode network (DMN) supports cognitive flexibility by adapting to changing task demands, similar to the multiple-demand cortex. This network dynamically modulates its responses to aid in flexible information retrieval.

Keywords:
controldecodingdefault mode networkfeature representationmultiple demandsemantic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) and multiple-demand cortex (MDC) are hypothesized to have distinct roles in cognition.
  • One view posits the DMN supports internal cognition and conceptual similarity, while MDC supports external task demands.
  • An alternative view suggests both networks dynamically adapt to changing task demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the DMN in cognitive flexibility using a semantic feature-matching task.
  • To contrast two accounts of DMN function: fixed conceptual representation versus dynamic task-dependent modulation.
  • To determine if DMN regions track changing task goals or solely represent semantic information.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a semantic feature-matching task with human participants.
  • Utilized multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and whole-brain searchlight decoding.
  • Simultaneously decoded semantic category and current goal information.

Main Results:

  • Multiple-demand cortex, including the dorsal attention network (DAN), successfully decoded currently relevant conceptual features.
  • Default mode network (DMN) regions, specifically angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex, also decoded current goal information.
  • Semantic category was decoded in lateral occipital cortex independently of task demands, but not consistently within the DMN.

Conclusions:

  • The DMN, alongside MDC, demonstrates sensitivity to changing task demands, supporting cognitive flexibility.
  • DMN regions dynamically modulate their responses to suit task requirements, facilitating flexible retrieval.
  • Findings challenge the strict dichotomy of DMN and MDC roles, suggesting functional overlap in supporting cognition.