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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Interval Level of Measurement00:55

Interval Level of Measurement

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For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using the interval scale are similar to ordinal level data because they have a definite arrangement. However, in the interval level of measurement, the differences between data values are meaningful even though the data does not have a starting point.
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Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
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Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

Isochoric and Isobaric Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40...
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Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors
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Worldwide continuous gap-filled MODIS land surface temperature dataset.

Shilo Shiff1, David Helman2,3, Itamar M Lensky4

  • 1Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. shilo.shiff@biu.ac.il.

Scientific Data
|March 5, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study creates a continuous global land surface temperature (LST) dataset by filling gaps caused by clouds using Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) data. The resulting gap-filled LST data offers improved accuracy for environmental and climatological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Climate Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Satellite land surface temperature (LST) data are crucial for environmental and climatological studies.
  • Cloud cover frequently causes temporal and spatial discontinuities in LST datasets, limiting their utility.
  • Existing LST datasets often suffer from gaps, hindering comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a continuous, gap-filled global land surface temperature (LST) dataset.
  • To enhance the usability of LST data for climatological and environmental research by addressing cloud-induced gaps.
  • To provide a globally applicable method for generating gap-free LST data.

Main Methods:

  • Combined satellite-derived LST with Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) modeled temperatures.
  • Employed temporal Fourier analysis to determine pixel-by-pixel LST and CFSv2 temperature seasonality (climatology).
  • Filled data gaps by adding CFSv2 temperature anomalies to the climatological LST, creating a 1km resolution dataset.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a continuous, gap-filled global LST dataset at 1km resolution.
  • Validated the dataset's accuracy across nine global regions, showing high correlation (R² = 0.93) and acceptable errors (RMSE = 2.7°C, MAE = 2.1°C).
  • Developed a Google Earth Engine code and web app for generating gap-filled LST globally.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method successfully generates a continuous global LST dataset, overcoming limitations of cloud cover.
  • The gap-filled LST dataset demonstrates high accuracy and is suitable for diverse climatological and environmental applications.
  • The provided tools enable widespread access and application of gap-free LST data worldwide.