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Association between patient-reported functional measures and incident falls.

Wanfen Yip1, Lixia Ge1, Bee Hoon Heng1

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Self-reported physical function limitations, measured by the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), predict falls in older adults. These limitations, especially in lower extremity function, increase the risk of experiencing a fall within one year.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Falls are a major concern for community-dwelling elderly individuals, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Lower extremity muscle strength and functional limitations are recognized as modifiable risk factors for falls.
  • Current fall prediction often relies on performance-based measures, necessitating exploration of self-reported assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between self-reported physical function limitations, assessed using the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), and the incidence of falls in older adults.
  • To determine if specific domains of the LLFDI, particularly those related to lower extremity function, are predictive of future falls.
  • To evaluate the potential of the LLFDI as a self-assessment tool for identifying fall risk in the elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 283 community-dwelling older adults.
  • Physical function limitations were assessed using the lower extremity function domain and composite scores of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI).
  • Incident falls were ascertained through standardized questionnaires over a one-year follow-up period. Multivariable analysis was employed to examine associations.

Main Results:

  • Over one year, 15.2% of participants experienced at least one fall.
  • Self-reported difficulties in lower extremity function items were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls (IRR: 2.43–7.01).
  • Lower scores in advanced lower extremity function (IRR: 1.70) and overall function (IRR: 2.05) also predicted a higher incidence of falls.

Conclusions:

  • Self-reported physical function limitations, as measured by the LLFDI, are significantly associated with incident falls in community-dwelling older adults.
  • The LLFDI, particularly its function component, demonstrates potential as a valuable self-assessment tool for fall risk stratification.
  • These findings underscore the importance of addressing self-perceived functional limitations in fall prevention strategies for the elderly.