Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals singlet fission, ionization and excimer formation in perylene film

Singlet exciton fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process whereby two triplet excitons are created from one singlet exciton. This phenomenon can offset UV photon energy losses and enhance the overall efficiency in photovoltaic devices. For this purpose, it requires photostable commercially available SF materials. Excited state dynamics in pure perylene film, ease of commercial production, is studied by time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption techniques under different photoexcitation energies. In film, polycrystalline regions contain perylene in H-type aggregate form. SF takes place from higher excited states of these aggregates in ultrafast time scale < 30 fs, reaching a triplet formation quantum yield of 108%. Moreover, at λ_ex = 450 nm singlet fission was detected as a result of two-quantum absorption. Other competing relaxation channels are excimer (1 ps) and dimer radical cation formation (< 30 fs). Excimer radiatively relaxes within 19 ns and radical cation recombines in 3.2 ns. Besides, exciton self-trapping by crystal lattice distortions occurs within hundreds of picosecond. Our results highlight potential of simple-fabricated perylene films with similar properties as high-cost single crystal in SF based photovoltaic applications.