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Related Concept Videos

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Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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The Redox Balance and Membrane Shedding in RBC Production, Maturation, and Senescence.

Eitan Fibach1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

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Oxidative stress, not just membrane changes, may initiate extracellular vesicle shedding in red blood cells (RBCs). This interaction is crucial in RBC health and diseases like hemolytic anemias.

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agingmembranemicrovesiclesoxidation stressred blood cell

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Redox Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicle (EV) shedding is vital in cell function and disease.
  • While membrane-cytoskeleton disruption and calcium increase are known mechanisms, their primary role is debated.
  • Redox homeostasis is critical for cellular processes, and its imbalance (oxidative stress) impacts cell membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between the redox system and membrane shedding in red blood cells (RBCs).
  • To explore the role of oxidative stress as a potential initiator of EV shedding.
  • To discuss the implications for RBC physiology and pathology, including hemolytic anemias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of data-based and hypothetical possibilities.
  • Focus on the interplay between redox status, membrane integrity, and EV shedding.
  • Examination of RBC aging and disease states.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative stress likely influences EV shedding indirectly by affecting membrane-cytoskeleton and calcium levels.
  • Both redox balance and EV shedding are altered during RBC aging.
  • Disturbances in oxidative stress and EV shedding are observed in hemolytic anemias.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress may be a primary factor initiating EV shedding in RBCs.
  • Understanding the redox-EV shedding link is essential for comprehending RBC health and disease.
  • Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these interactions.