Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in a Patient With Celiac Disease

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Immunology

Background:

• Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, causing small intestinal damage.
• CD is linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies, particularly lymphoma.
• Small intestinal adenocarcinoma is a rare complication associated with CD.

Observation:

• A 91-year-old male with a known history of celiac disease was admitted with significant weight loss, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• The patient reported noncompliance with a prescribed gluten-free diet.
• Diagnostic investigations revealed a newly identified adenocarcinoma in the jejunum.

Findings:

• The patient's symptoms were attributed to a jejunal adenocarcinoma.
• This case represents a rare instance of adenocarcinoma developing in a patient with celiac disease.
• Gluten-free diet noncompliance may be a contributing factor.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet in celiac disease patients.
• It highlights the need for vigilance regarding rare gastrointestinal malignancies in this patient population.
• Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms linking celiac disease, diet noncompliance, and jejunal adenocarcinoma development.