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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.9K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

262
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
262
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

5.5K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
5.5K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

6.6K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
6.6K
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
4.0K
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

6.9K
Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
6.9K

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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

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Characterization data of N-doped biochars using different external nitrogen precursors.

Nitesh Kasera1, Steven Hall1, Praveen Kolar1

  • 1Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, 278 Weaver Labs, Campus Box 7625, 3100 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA.

Data in Brief
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates how different nitrogen sources affect biochar properties. The data provides insights into nitrogen-modified biochar for environmental and energy applications.

Keywords:
Instrumental analysisN-enriched biocharPine charWaste management

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Sustainable materials from waste are crucial for addressing global warming and resource challenges.
  • Nitrogen-doped biochars show promise for supercapacitor, adsorbent, and catalyst applications.
  • Understanding the impact of nitrogen modification on biochar properties is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present data on the effects of various external nitrogenous sources on biochar properties.
  • To provide a comprehensive dataset for researchers in biochar modification.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at various temperatures.
  • Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).
  • Surface profilometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).

Main Results:

  • Infrared spectra reveal temperature-dependent changes in functional groups on nitrogen-modified biochar.
  • ToF-SIMS, surface profilometry, and SEM-EDX data offer detailed insights into surface chemistry and morphology.
  • The study quantifies the influence of different nitrogen precursors on biochar characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The collected data is valuable for understanding nitrogen incorporation into biochar structures.
  • This dataset will aid researchers in optimizing nitrogen-doped biochar for specific environmental and energy applications.
  • The findings contribute to the sustainable development of waste-derived functional materials.