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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ
Published on: December 16, 2019
Ageing characteristics related to cation exchange and interlayer spacing of some Brazilian bentonites
A L V Carmo1, R S Angélica1, S P A Paz1,2
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, Laboratório de Caracterização Mineral, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Abstract:
This study investigated the influence of cation type on the sodium deactivation of Brazilian bentonite varieties. Four bentonite clays were studied, including three mixed-cationic and one magnesium. Swelling and the main exchangeable cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were the main evaluation parameters in this study. Periodic washes of the sodium-activated bentonites were performed based on the hypothesis that a possible desorption of the cations (primarily Na+) could cause the deactivation. Sodium activation was monitored using XRD measurements and an increase in swelling. Sodium deactivation was observed and monitored via a decrease in swelling. Positive and negative effects, caused by the proportions of the cations and the dominance of Mg2+, were emphasized by the set of cationically different samples applied in this study, which helped to answer the influence of main exchangeable cations, specially Mg2+, on the deactivation process.
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