[Three dimensional finite element analysis of optimal distribution model of fillers in vertebroplasty]

To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of osteoporosis and to study the stiffness recovery of injured vertebrae and stress analysis of adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty under different perfusion and distribution conditions by simulating fluid flow into the vertebral body.

A male healthy volunteer was selected. CT scans were performed from T₁₁ to L₂. Mimics 15.0 and ABAQUS 6.11 software were used to extract CT images. The vertebral model of osteoporotic fracture was established. The flow physical field and conduction and diffusion physical field were coupled to simulate the process and parts of the injection of bone cement into the vertebral fracture model. The amount of bone cement injected into the vertebral fracture model was 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml respectively. The diffusion range of bone cement was simulated on the image, and the post injection model of bone cement was obtained. Vertical downward, forward and backward pressure of 300 N were applied on the surface of the model to simulate vertebral movement. The stress changes of upper and lower vertebrae and diseased vertebrae under different conditions were calculated.

(1) The VonMises stress of T₁₂ inferior endplate was the largest in the three states before and after fracture.(2) The VonMises stress of the intervertebral disc and each endplate after fracture was significantly higher than before fracture. When percutaneous vertebroplasty was applied, as the amount of bone cement injection increases, the VonMises stress of the adjacent vertebral endplates increases. In the diseased vertebrae, as the amount of bone cement increases, the VonMises stress of the vertebral body endplate showed a downward trend.

Reliable biomechanical model of lumbar vertebral fracture can be established by using CT scanning data through software simulation. Vertebral fracture and vertebroplasty will cause biomechanical changes of adjacent vertebral bodies. With the increase of bone cement injection, the influence of biomechanical changes will increase significantly. Neighbouring vertebral fractures are more likely. For this experiment, percutaneous vertebroplasty has a suitable amount of cement injection of 4 ml.