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Thermosensation

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

Isothermal Processes

Isothermal Processes

A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
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Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
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Trophic Efficiency

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.

Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Precipitation Processes

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses Using the PlantScreen Robotic Platform

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Imaging canopy temperature: shedding (thermal) light on ecosystem processes.

Christopher J Still¹, Bharat Rastogi^2,3, Gerald F M Page¹

¹Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.

The New Phytologist

|March 5, 2021

Summary

Understanding canopy temperature (T_can) is vital for plant function. New thermal imaging data helps scientists study how environmental factors influence T_can, improving climate change impact predictions.

Keywords:

canopy structure canopy temperature leaf metabolism remote sensing stress thermal imaging

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Area of Science:

Plant physiology and ecosystem science
Environmental monitoring and remote sensing

Background:

Canopy temperature (T_can) is a critical factor influencing plant physiological processes.
Accurate T_can measurements at relevant scales are limited, hindering our understanding of ecosystem responses to climate change.
Existing methods struggle to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of T_can.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of thermal imaging for T_can observation.
To improve the understanding of environmental, leaf trait, and canopy structure influences on T_can.
To bridge the gap between canopy-scale measurements and remote sensing applications.

Main Methods:

Utilizing burgeoning thermal camera observations of T_can.
Evaluating plant energy budget theory with observational data.
Analyzing T_can patterns across various ecosystems and scales.

Main Results:

Thermal imaging offers a scalable approach to T_can measurement.
Environmental factors, leaf traits, and canopy structure significantly impact T_can.
Canopy-scale T_can data can validate biosphere model predictions.

Conclusions:

Multiscale T_can observations are crucial for advancing ecosystem research.
Thermal imaging advancements will drive breakthroughs in climate change impact assessment.
Integrating T_can data across scales enhances our predictive capacity for ecosystem responses.