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Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV.

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The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (ANITA) detected unusual cosmic-ray (CR) events. Four below-horizon events showed anomalous polarity, suggesting potential new physics beyond the Standard Model.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy astrophysics
  • Particle physics
  • Cosmic ray detection

Background:

  • Cosmic rays (CRs) are typically detected via reflection off Antarctic ice, producing phase-inverted waveforms.
  • Previous ANITA flights observed steeply upcoming anomalous events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze data from ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight (ANITA-IV) in 2016.
  • To investigate anomalous cosmic-ray-like events with non-inverted polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of 29 cosmic-ray-like events using the ANITA balloon experiment.
  • Analysis of event waveforms, particularly polarity, for below-horizon signals.

Main Results:

  • ANITA-IV detected 29 CR-like events against a low anthropogenic background.
  • Four below-horizon CR-like events exhibited anomalous non-inverted polarity (p=5.3×10⁻⁴).
  • These anomalous events occurred near the horizon, with no steeply upcoming events observed.

Conclusions:

  • The anomalous polarity of these events is statistically significant and unlikely due to background.
  • These findings may indicate new physics phenomena or an unknown source of high-energy particles.