Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

908
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
908
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

221
Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
221
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

6.7K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
6.7K
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

2.3K
Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
2.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

2.5K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
2.5K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

10.9K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chlamylipo, a <i>Chlamydomonas</i>-in-liposome microswimmer: Self-propelled swimming and associated lipid membrane flow.

Biophysics and physicobiology·2026
Same author

A minimal mechanically consistent model of smoothly dividing disk-shaped cells.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Self-diffusiophoretic propulsion in wedge confinement: The role of phoretic interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Nonreciprocal Interactions between Condensates in Chemically Active Mixtures.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

The association between maternal FT3/FT4 ratio in early pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

ALKBH4 confers ferroptosis resistance and drives tumorigenesis via dysregulation of GPX4 in breast cancer cells.

In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.6K

Magnetic Microswimmers Exhibit Bose-Einstein-like Condensation.

Fanlong Meng1,2,3, Daiki Matsunaga1,4, Benoît Mahault2

  • 1Rudolf Peierls center for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

We discovered a new self-organized behavior in magnetic microswimmers within a microfluidic channel. This active matter system undergoes a phase transition, forming a condensate analogous to Bose-Einstein condensation.

More Related Videos

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

3.0K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.6K
Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

3.0K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Active matter systems exhibit complex behaviors driven by internal energy conversion.
  • Microfluidic channels provide controlled environments for studying microscale phenomena.
  • Magnetic interactions and external driving are key factors in microswimmer dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-organization of magnetic microswimmers in a microfluidic channel.
  • To identify and characterize novel nonequilibrium phase transitions in active matter.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for understanding driven active matter systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical techniques were employed to model the system's behavior.
  • Brownian dynamics simulations were used to replicate and analyze microswimmer interactions.
  • A mapping to a diffusivity-edge problem was established to build a generalized thermodynamic framework.

Main Results:

  • A new type of self-organized behavior was observed, characterized by swimmer condensation at the channel center.
  • A nonequilibrium phase transition, analogous to Bose-Einstein condensation, was identified.
  • The generalized thermodynamic framework accurately predicted simulation results without parameter fitting.

Conclusions:

  • Driven active matter can generate exotic classical nonequilibrium phases.
  • The observed phenomena share analogies with quantum systems, particularly Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • This study provides insights into the fundamental principles governing self-organization in nonequilibrium systems.