[Missed opportunities: The new ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for reading, spelling and calculation disorders]

Missed opportunities: The new ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for reading, spelling and calculation disorders Abstract. Abstract. The introduction of the ICD-11 caused changes to the concept of the disorder and in the diagnostic criteria of reading, spelling, and arithmetic disorders. ICD-10 had classified these disorders as specific development disorders of scholastic skills, whereas ICD-11 summarizes these disorders as developmental learning disorders in the groups of "neurodevelopmental disorders," together with ADHD, depression, autism, Tourette's syndrome, and schizophrenia. A major change is the classification of an isolated reading disorder and the expansion of the spelling disorder as a learning disorder with impairment in written expression. The diagnostic criteria still focus on the IQ discrepancy criterion, which is no longer supported in practice or by the research results.