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Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function.

W R Frontera1, C N Meredith, K P O'Reilly

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|March 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Strength training significantly boosts muscle strength and mass in older men. This 12-week program led to substantial gains in muscle size and protein turnover, improving overall function.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with sarcopenia and reduced muscle function.
  • Strength training is a potential intervention to counteract age-related muscle decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a 12-week strength conditioning program on skeletal muscle function and mass in older men.
  • To assess changes in strength, muscle hypertrophy, and protein turnover.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve healthy untrained men (60-72 years) underwent a 12-week strength training program (3 days/week, 80% of one repetition maximum).
  • Evaluations included one repetition maximum (1 RM) tests, isokinetic dynamometry, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies.
  • Urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine excretion was measured to assess myofibrillar protein turnover.

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Main Results:

  • Significant increases in extensor (107.4%) and flexor (226.7%) strength were observed (P < 0.0001).
  • Isokinetic peak torque increased at both 60°/s and 240°/s (P < 0.05).
  • CT scans revealed increases in total thigh area (4.8%), total muscle area (11.4%), and quadriceps area (9.3%).
  • Muscle biopsies showed significant hypertrophy in both type I (33.5%) and type II (27.6%) muscle fibers (P < 0.001).
  • Urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine excretion increased by 40.8% (P < 0.05), indicating elevated myofibrillar protein turnover.

Conclusions:

  • Strength conditioning effectively enhances muscle strength and mass in older men.
  • The observed improvements are linked to significant muscle hypertrophy and increased myofibrillar protein turnover.
  • These findings support resistance training as a strategy to improve muscle health in aging populations.