Relationship between lung volume and tracheal area as assessed by acoustic reflection

To determine whether airway size correlates with measures of lung or body size, we used the acoustic reflection technique to calculate tracheal cross-sectional area in 103 healthy young adults. Men have significantly larger tracheas than women [2.48 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.91 +/- 0.05 (SE) cm2, P less than 0.001]. Within each sex, there is no correlation between tracheal size and body size or maximal expiratory flows. There is a significant positive correlation between tracheal area and vital capacity in males only (r = 0.36, P less than 0.01). These results support the concept of dysanapsis, relatively independent growth of the airways and lung parenchyma, as well as sex-related differences in airway size and growth. Inherent airway size may be a factor in the development and/or progression of lung disease.