Gradient 3D Printed PLA Scaffolds on Biomedical Titanium: Mechanical Evaluation and Biocompatibility

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Engineering
• Tissue Engineering
• Additive Manufacturing

Background:

• Developing biomimicking composites for tissue regeneration is critical.
• 3D printing offers potential for creating complex scaffold structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To optimize 3D printing of poly-lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds.
• To enhance adhesion between PLA scaffolds and titanium implants.
• To evaluate the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the composite structures.

Main Methods:

• Utilized 3D printing to fabricate single-layered and gradient multi-layered PLA scaffolds.
• Optimized printing parameters and pore size (60 μm) for enhanced stiffness.
• Applied silicone adhesive and created titania nanotubes (TNTs) on titanium for improved bonding.
• Conducted micro-tensile testing on titanium-PLA joints and biocompatibility assays with bone cells.

Main Results:

• Optimized PLA scaffolds with 60 μm pores exhibited increased stiffness.
• Electrochemical treatment of titanium surfaces significantly improved lap joint strength (248% dry, 40% wet).
• Produced scaffolds demonstrated promising biocompatibility with bone cells.

Conclusions:

• The developed 3D printed PLA-titanium composite scaffolds show potential for orthopedic applications.
• Further research is warranted to explore their full capabilities in implantology.