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Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
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This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

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Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects
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Detection of Pathologic Heart Murmurs Using a Piezoelectric Sensor.

Kiichi Takahashi1, Kyoichi Ono2, Hirokazu Arai3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel piezoelectric sensor effectively detects heart murmurs in neonates with congenital heart defects. This technology shows objective detection capabilities, correlating strongly with traditional methods for diagnosing these critical heart conditions.

Keywords:
cardiac murmurcongenital heart defectsheart soundnoninvasivepiezoelectric sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a significant cause of infant mortality.
  • Accurate and early detection of heart murmurs in neonates is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Current diagnostic methods may have limitations in objectivity and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of a piezoelectric sensor in detecting heart murmurs in neonates.
  • To compare the performance of the piezoelectric sensor against a standard electronic stethoscope.
  • To evaluate the potential of piezoelectric sensors for objective murmur detection in congenital heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded heart sounds and murmurs from healthy neonates (n=9) and neonates with CHDs (n=9) using a piezoelectric sensor and electronic stethoscope.
  • Applied digital high-pass filtering and envelope calculation to processed signal data.
  • Analyzed systolic murmur amplitudes using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and assessed correlation between sensor types.

Main Results:

  • Piezoelectric sensor detected significantly higher systolic murmur amplitudes in neonates with CHDs compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01).
  • Strong positive correlation (ρ = 0.899, p < 0.01) observed between murmur amplitudes recorded by the piezoelectric sensor and the electronic stethoscope.
  • Demonstrated objective detection capability of heart murmurs by the piezoelectric sensor.

Conclusions:

  • The piezoelectric sensor shows significant potential for objective heart murmur detection in neonates.
  • The technology offers a reliable alternative or adjunct to traditional auscultation methods.
  • Future advancements in mechanical design and analysis algorithms could further enhance diagnostic performance.