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Ultrafast Laser Processing of Optical Fibers for Sensing Applications.

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  • 1National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.

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Summary

Infrared femtosecond lasers enable advanced fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and random fiber gratings (RFG). These optical fiber sensors offer enhanced performance and novel applications in sensing and lasers.

Keywords:
femtosecond laserfiber Bragg gratingsfiber optic sensorrandom fiber gratings

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Laser Physics
  • Fiber Optics

Background:

  • Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and random fiber gratings (RFG) are key components in optical sensing.
  • Femtosecond laser fabrication offers precise control over grating properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in femtosecond laser fabrication of optical fiber gratings.
  • To highlight novel applications of these advanced fiber gratings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of femtosecond laser writing techniques, including phase mask and plane-by-plane methods.
  • Discussion of through-the-coating (TTC) fabrication capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Femtosecond laser writing enables fabrication of ultra-thin fiber gratings, tilted gratings, and high-temperature resistant gratings.
  • TTC fabrication allows for distributed sensor arrays, e.g., for oil pipeline leak detection.
  • Random fiber gratings show potential in distributed temperature sensing and fiber lasers.

Conclusions:

  • Femtosecond laser technology significantly enhances the capabilities of FBG and RFG fabrication.
  • These advanced gratings open new avenues for high-performance optical sensing and laser applications.