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Variability of Lipids in Human Milk.

Jayashree Selvalatchmanan1,2, A V Rukmini3, Shanshan Ji1

  • 1Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.

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Human breast milk lipid profiles vary significantly between individuals and throughout the day. Evening samples showed higher concentrations of certain lipids, like triacylglycerols, compared to morning samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Human milk lipidomics
  • Infant nutrition and development

Background:

  • Breast milk lipids are crucial for infant growth.
  • Limited research exists on human milk lipidome variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate individual and diurnal variations in the human milk lipidome.
  • Quantify inter- and intra-individual differences in milk lipid composition.

Main Methods:

  • Validated a modified two-phase method (MTBE: Methanol 7:2) for lipid extraction.
  • Analyzed 237 lipid species from 13 subclasses using RP-LC-MS and DI-MS.
  • Studied samples from 20 healthy women, comparing morning and evening collections.

Main Results:

  • 85% of lipid species exhibited stable inter-individual differences.
  • Half of lipid species were higher in the evening, notably phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs).
  • Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and TAGs showed greater biological variation, especially in evening samples.

Conclusions:

  • Human milk lipidome composition is significantly influenced by individual factors.
  • Time of day, particularly evening, impacts milk lipid concentrations and variability.