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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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RETRACTED: Kulanayake et al. Regions of Bovine Adenovirus-3 Protein VII Involved in Interactions with Viral and Cellular Proteins. <i>Viruses</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 732.

Viruses·2025
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RETRACTED: Kulanayake et al. Role of Protein VII in the Production of Infectious Bovine Adenovirus-3 Virion. <i>Viruses</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 1323.

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Induction of Trained Immunity in Broiler Chickens by Combination of <i>in Ovo</i> Delivery of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs and Intrapulmonary Delivery of a Live <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Vaccine at Hatch to Protect Against <i>Escherichia coli</i> Septicemia Later in the Grow-Out Period.

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Corrigendum to "Regions of bovine adenovirus-3 IVa2 involved in nuclear/nucleolar localization and interaction with pV" [Virology 546 PMID: 32452415].

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Adenovirus Core Proteins: Structure and Function.

Shermila Kulanayake1,2, Suresh K Tikoo1,2

  • 1Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada.

Viruses
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
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This review focuses on adenovirus core proteins, crucial for viral functions and gene therapy vectors. Understanding their structure and function is key to advancing adenovirus research.

Keywords:
AdV protease cleavageDNA genomeDNA packagingadenoviruscore proteinsnucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Adenoviruses are vital models for studying viral-cell interactions and cellular processes like DNA replication and RNA splicing.
  • Adenoviruses are extensively researched as viral vectors for gene therapy and vaccination, necessitating deep understanding of their biology.
  • While viral capsid proteins are well-studied, recent research highlights the growing importance of adenovirus core proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the structure and function of adenovirus core proteins.
  • To consolidate knowledge on the role of these proteins in adenovirus biology.
  • To emphasize the increasing interest in adenovirus core protein research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of research on adenovirus core protein structure.
  • Synthesis of findings on adenovirus core protein function.

Main Results:

  • Adenovirus core proteins play critical roles in viral DNA replication and packaging.
  • Structural studies are revealing detailed insights into core protein assembly and interactions.
  • Functional studies demonstrate their involvement in regulating viral gene expression and host-cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Adenovirus core proteins are essential for viral replication and represent promising targets for therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research into adenovirus core protein structure-function relationships will enhance their utility as gene therapy vectors.
  • This review highlights the significance of adenovirus core proteins in virology and biotechnology.