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Methylxanthines and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update
Daniel Janitschke1, Anna A Lauer1, Cornel M Bachmann1
1Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Nutrients
|March 6, 2021
Summary
Methylxanthines show neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This review covers recent findings on their mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Methylxanthines (MTX), including caffeine and theophylline, are widely consumed and used pharmaceutically.
- Beyond bronchoprotection, MTX exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
- Their pleiotropic mechanisms involve adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and gene regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings (since 2017) on methylxanthines in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis.
- To assess the neuroprotective potential of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases.
- To elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms through cell culture and animal studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of epidemiological and clinical studies.
- Analysis of cell culture and animal models investigating molecular mechanisms.
- Focus on research published since 2017.
Main Results:
- Methylxanthines demonstrate potential in mitigating neurodegeneration through various molecular pathways.
- Evidence suggests efficacy in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis.
- Multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, contribute to neuroprotection.
Conclusions:
- Methylxanthines represent a promising therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative diseases.
- Further research into their specific mechanisms and clinical application is warranted.
- Moderate side effect profiles enhance their therapeutic appeal.
Keywords:
Alzheimer´s diseaseMultiple SclerosisParkinson´s diseasecaffeineistradefyllinemethylxanthinespentoxifyllinepropentofyllinetheobrominetheophyllineMore Related Videos
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