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Incisor Occlusion Affects Profile Shape Variation in Middle-Aged Adults
Georgios Kanavakis1,2,3, Anna-Sofia Silvola3,4, Demetrios Halazonetis5
1Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB-University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 6, 2021
Summary
Overjet and overbite significantly impact facial profile shape in middle-aged adults. These incisor occlusion traits explain a substantial portion of profile variations, highlighting their importance in facial morphology.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics and Dental Morphology
- Anthropometry and Biomechanics
- Genetics and Environmental Influences on Craniofacial Development
Background:
- Understanding the relationship between dental occlusion and facial aesthetics is crucial in orthodontics.
- Middle-aged individuals represent a key demographic for studying long-term effects of occlusion on facial structure.
- Previous research has explored various factors influencing soft tissue profile, but the specific impact of overjet and overbite requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the effect of overjet and overbite on the soft tissue profile in a middle-aged cohort.
- To determine the relative contributions of overjet and overbite to overall profile shape variation.
- To investigate potential sex-based differences in the influence of these occlusal parameters on facial morphology.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a large cohort (n=1754) from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort at age 46.
- Employed 3D stereophotogrammetry with 48 landmarks and semi-landmarks for precise profile digitization.
- Applied Procrustes Superimposition and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for shape analysis, with multivariate regression to assess occlusal effects.
Main Results:
- The first nine Principal Components (PCs) captured over 90% of profile shape variance.
- Overjet was a significant predictor of profile shape, accounting for 21.3% of variation (p < 0.001).
- Overbite had a weaker but still significant effect, explaining 13.8% of variation (p < 0.001), with notable sex differences observed.
Conclusions:
- Incisor occlusion, specifically overjet and overbite, significantly influences the soft tissue profile in middle-aged adults.
- The substantial impact of occlusion on profile shape underscores its importance, especially considering the interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
- These findings have implications for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and understanding craniofacial development.
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