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Related Concept Videos

Vebe Test01:22

Vebe Test

320
The Vebe test is a method used to measure the workability of concrete, particularly effective for dry concrete mixes. This test employs a specific apparatus that includes a cylindrical chamber, a standard slump cone, and a transparent disc-shaped rider, all mounted on a vibrating table. The cylindrical chamber has dimensions of nine and a half inches in diameter and eight inches in height.
To conduct the test, concrete is placed into the slump cone. The concrete is filled in layers and...
320
Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

274
The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
274
Measurement of Air Content in Concrete01:23

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

418
Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
The pressure method,...
418
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

301
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
301
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

256
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
256
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

252
Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Agricultural Land Ecosystem Research with a Hydraulic Property Analyzer to Assess Soil Health
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Development and Performance Evaluation of a Bevameter for Measuring Soil Strength.

Ji-Tae Kim1,2, Dong-U Im1,2, Hyuek-Jin Choi3

  • 1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new bevameter was developed to standardize soil strength measurements for off-road vehicles. This device improves pressure-sinkage and shear testing, crucial for understanding vehicle performance on varied terrains.

Keywords:
bevameterpressure-sinkage relationshipshear stress-slip displacement relationshipslip sinkagesoil strength

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Area of Science:

  • Soil mechanics
  • Off-road vehicle dynamics
  • Agricultural engineering

Background:

  • Off-road vehicle performance is significantly influenced by soil strength.
  • Bevameters, used for soil strength measurement, lack standardized development and application.
  • Existing bevameter designs present challenges in consistent data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bevameter for standardized soil strength measurement.
  • To investigate factors influencing the measurement performance of the developed bevameter.
  • To enhance the reliability and consistency of soil strength data for off-road applications.

Main Methods:

  • A new bevameter integrating pressure-sinkage and shear test devices was designed and constructed.
  • Pressure-sinkage tests were performed using circular plates of varying sizes.
  • Shear tests utilized a dead load for consistent normal pressure and incorporated a spline for slip sinkage measurement.

Main Results:

  • Pressure-sinkage parameters demonstrated a decrease with increasing plate size.
  • Slip sinkage in shear tests showed a proportional increase with normal pressure and slip displacement.
  • The rate of slip sinkage increase diminished over time, eventually converging to a stable value.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bevameter offers a standardized approach to measuring soil strength.
  • Plate size is a critical factor affecting pressure-sinkage measurements.
  • Normal pressure and slip displacement significantly influence slip sinkage, with a tendency towards stabilization.