KRAS^G12C Can Either Promote or Impair Cap-Dependent Translation in Two Different Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

KRAS^G12C is among the most common oncogenic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and a promising target for treatment by small-molecule inhibitors. KRAS oncogenic signaling is responsible for modulation of tumor microenvironment, with translation factors being among the most prominent deregulated targets. In the present study, we used TALENs to edit EGFR^WT CL1-5 and A549 cells for integration of a Tet-inducible KRAS^G12C expression system. Subsequent analysis of both cell lines showed that cap-dependent translation was impaired in CL1-5 cells via involvement of mTORC2 and NF-κB. In contrast, in A549 cells, which additionally harbor the KRAS^G12S mutation, cap-dependent translation was favored via recruitment of mTORC1, c-MYC and the positive regulation of eIF4F complex. Downregulation of eIF1, eIF5 and eIF5B in the same cell line suggested a stringency loss of start codon selection during scanning of mRNAs. Puromycin staining and polysome profile analysis validated the enhanced translation rates in A549 cells and the impaired cap-dependent translation in CL1-5 cells. Interestingly, elevated translation rates were restored in CL1-5 cells after prolonged induction of KRAS^G12C through an mTORC1/p70S6K-independent way. Collectively, our results suggest that KRAS^G12C signaling differentially affects the regulation of the translational machinery. These differences could provide additional insights and facilitate current efforts to effectively target KRAS.